1 But it shall not be gloomy to those who have been in anguish for her. In the past he humbled the lands of Zebulun and Naphtali, but at the last he will exalt the Sea Route by the Jordan in Galilee of the nations.
2 The people walking in darknesshave seen a bright light;on the inhabitants of the landof the shadow of Deathhas the light dawned.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
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A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
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3 You have enlarged the nationand increased its joy;they rejoice at your presenceas men rejoice at harvest time,or as men are joyous when they divide spoil.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
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4 For you have smashed the yokethat burdened them,the staff of submission,the rod of those who subjected them,as in the day of Midian’s defeat.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
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5 And all boots used in battleand tunics rolled in bloodhave become fuel for bonfires.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
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6 For to us a child is born, a son appointed,who will shoulder the burden of government.He will be calledWonderful Counsellor, One Mighty in Valor,a Father for Ever, a Prince of Peace—
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
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7 that sovereignty may be extendedand peace have no end;that, on the throne of Davidand over his kingdom,his rule may be established and upheldby justice and righteousnessfrom this time forth and forever.The zeal of Jehovah of Hosts will accomplish it.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
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8 This message my Lord sent to Jacob,and it shall befall Israel.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
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9 And the entire people—Ephraim and those who dwell in Samaria—shall know of it,who say in pride and arrogance of heart,
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
10 The bricks have fallen down,but we will rebuild with hewn stone;the sycamores have been felled,but we will replace them with cedars!
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
11 But Jehovah will strengthenRezin’s enemies against themwhen he stirs up their adversaries:
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
12 Aramaeans from the eastand Philistines from the westwill devour Israel with open mouth.Yet for all this his anger is not abated;his hand is upraised still.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
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13 But the people do not turn backto him who smites them,nor will they inquire of Jehovah of Hosts.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
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14 Therefore Jehovah will cut off from Israelhead and tail, palm top and reed, in a single day;
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
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15 the elders or notables are the head,the prophets who teach falsehoods, the tail.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
16 The leaders of these people have misled them,and those who are led are confused.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
17 My Lord is not pleased with their young men,nor does he pity their fatherless and widows,because all alike are godless malefactors,and every mouth utters profanities.Yet for all this his anger is not abated;his hand is upraised still.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
18 Wickedness shall be set ablaze like a fire,and briars and thorns shall it consume;it shall ignite the jungle forests,and they shall billow upwardin mushrooming clouds of smoke.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
19 At the wrath of Jehovah of Hoststhe earth is scorched,and people are but fuel for the fire.Men will have no compassion for one another.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
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A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
20 They will snatch on the right, yet remain hungry;they will devour on the left, but not be satisfied:men will eat the flesh of their own offspring.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
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A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
21 Manasseh will turn against Ephraimand Ephraim against Manasseh,and both will combine against Judah.Yet for all this his anger is not abated;his hand is upraised still.
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who typifies the powers of darkness in the world but from whose oppression Jehovah's servant releases those who repent.
red
A creation motif and pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who personifies the light that dawns on his repentant people at the time Jehovah restores them to glory in his Day of Judgment.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, a power of chaos who commits worldwide genocide and attempts to destroy Jehovah's people in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who impose bondage on Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who subjugate Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance, who smite Jehovah's people and the nations but from whose power Jehovah's servant delivers those who repent.
red
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, an exemplar of righteousness, who establishes righteousness among Jehovah's elect at the time Jehovah restores his people.
blue
A pseudonym of Jehovah's end-time servant, who exemplifies Jehovah's zeal for his people in restoring them from their cursed state to prepare them for Jehovah's millennial reign of peace on the earth.
blue
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon and his alliance of nations, who swallow up the lands of Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in Jehovah's Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's wrath toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A chaos motif and pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the fire that consumes Jehovah's apostate people and the nations in a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of holocaust.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies Jehovah's anger toward his unrepentant people and the nations when Jehovah comes out in judgment against them.
red
A pseudonym of the end-time king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies the hand of punishment Jehovah empowers to smite his unrepentant people and the nations in his Day of Judgment.
red
Apocalyptic Commentary
Isaiah 9
Even as Jehovah’s people increase in wickedness and suffer covenant curses, those who repent who rise above the tide of evil increase in righteousness and experience covenant curse reversals. As Jehovah’s people in the past were ignominiously driven from their lands because of transgression, so their righteous descendants return in a glorious exodus from among the nations (Isaiah 11:16). Those “who have been in anguish for her”—for the Woman Zion, Jehovah’s elect—are those who “mourn in Zion” (Isaiah 61:3), who “call upon Jehovah” day and night for his people’s restoration (Isaiah 62:6-7).
A reversal of covenant curses for Jehovah’s people extends to their release from bondage to the powers of darkness: (1) spiritually—when they convert to the truth and renew their covenant with Jehovah; and (2) temporally—when he delivers them from the king of Assyria/Babylon who epitomizes darkness and Death. Jehovah’s “light” signifies both the terms of his covenant—which go forth as a “light” to the nations (Isaiah 51:4)—and his end-time servant, whom Jehovah appoints as a light to the nations (Isaiah 42:6; 49:6) to prepare them for Jehovah’s coming to establish his kingdom on the earth.
After their wandering in the dark and release from bondage (v 2), Jehovah’s elect return home and receive lands of inheritance. “Spoil” and “harvest time” respectively signify victory over enemies and a reinherited land. The nation of Jehovah’s people is “enlarged” when those who are abroad are welcomed by and unite with those at home (Isaiah 26:1-2; 49:12-22). Joy and rejoicing accompany their return and deliverance (Isaiah 24:14; 30:29; 51:3, 11; 55:12). Instead of cowering at Jehovah’s presence like the wicked (Isaiah 2:10, 19, 21; 64:1-3), his elect celebrate (Isaiah 12:1-6; 25:9; 35:3-6; 52:8).
A victory over the yoke, staff, and rod that subjected Jehovah’s people is a victory over the king of Assyria/Babylon, who personifies these symbols of oppressive rule (Isaiah 10:5, 15, 24, 27; 14:4-6). The “Day of Midian”—a type of end-time Armageddon—recalls Gideon’s victory over an army of a hundred-and-twenty thousand Midianites, Amalekites, and Ishmaelites (Judges 7-8). In that instance, Gideon serves as a type of Jehovah’s end-time servant, who leads the victory of Jehovah’s righteous people over an Assyrian alliance of nations (Isaiah 10:24-27; 41:2-3, 11-16, 25; 46:11; 49:24-26).
Word links identify the “son” whom Jehovah “appoints” as the “son” Immanuel and as the “servant” whom Jehovah “appoints” as a light to the nations (Isaiah 7:14; 42:6; 49:6). “Son” (ben) and “servant” (‘ebed) comprise legal terms in ancient Near Eastern and biblical covenants that define a vassal’s relationship to an emperor—as when Ahaz chooses the king of Assyria as his emperor instead of Jehovah, saying, “I am your servant and your son” (2 Kings 16:7). Part III of Isaiah’s Seven-Part Structure (Isaiah 9-12; 41-46) synonymously parallels these “son” and “servant” aspects of Jehovah’s vassal.
While the “servant” phase of a vassal’s relationship to an emperor is conditional—depending on whether the vassal proves loyal to the emperor under all conditions—the “son” phase of their relationship is unconditional. In other words, after a vassal proves exceedingly loyal to the emperor by keeping the terms of his covenant, the emperor legally adopts him as his “son.” The covenant between them then becomes unconditional or “everlasting.” While chapters 41-46 reflect the conditional phase of Jehovah’s vassal, chapters 9-12 reflect its unconditional phase—his formal investiture as king.
He will be called. Historically, verses 6-7 serve as a Coronation Hymn for King Hezekiah, the prophesied Immanuel. The four Hebrew couplets that comprise the king’s titulary—“Wonderful Counselor, One Mighty in Valor, a Father for Ever, a Prince of Peace” (pele’ yo‘es ’el gibbor ’abi-‘ad sar-salom)—reflect four phases in the life of Abraham as recorded in successive narratives of the Genesis account: (1) when he counsels with Lot; (2) when he delivers Lot; (3) when he begets Isaac, his heir; and (4) when he intercedes with Jehovah on behalf of the righteous in Sodom (Genesis 13-18).
Although Handel’s Messiah cites this prophecy of Isaiah in reference to Jesus—perhaps based in part on its mistranslation in the King James Version of the Bible—no scriptural writers do so because that would entirely remove it from its literary-scriptural context in the Book of Isaiah. As the exemplar of his people, Jehovah nevertheless embodies the divine attributes of counsel (Isaiah 25:1; 28:29); valor (1:24; 49:26); fatherhood (45:10; 63:16); and kingship (Isaiah 33:22; 43:15). Jehovah’s servant and his associates, too, therefore, evidence these same attributes (Isaiah 11:2; 13:3; 22:21; 46:11; 49:23).
The term “peace”—a synonym of “salvation” (Isaiah 52:7; 53:5)—alludes to the peace that ensues after a war to end all wars (vv 3-5; Isaiah 14:4-7; 33:19-20; 54:9-17). Its parallelism with “sovereignty” recalls the title “Prince of Peace” (sar-salom) (v 6). The attributes of “justice and righteousness,” which characterize the son’s reign, typify the ministry of Jehovah’s servant, the terms righteousness and zeal themselves designating the servant (Isaiah 26:11; 41:2; 42:1-4). Like King Hezekiah, he intercedes with Jehovah in seeking his people’s peace or temporal salvation (Isaiah 37:15-20, 32-35).
The servant’s Davidic identity has similar parallels and word links: “When oppressors are no more and violence has ceased, when tyrants are destroyed from the earth, then, in loving kindness, shall a throne be set up in the abode of David, and in faithfulness a judge sit on it who will maintain justice and expedite righteousness” (Isaiah 16:4-5); “Give ear and come unto me; pay heed, that your souls may live! And I will make with you an everlasting covenant: [my] loving fidelity toward David. See, I have appointed him as a witness to the nations, a prince and lawgiver of the peoples” (Isaiah 55:3-4).
Other Hebrew prophets, too, predict the millennial rule of a descendant of David named David who is not identical with Jehovah, Israel’s divine King (Isaiah 33:17, 22; 43:15), but who prepares the way for Jehovah’s coming (cf. Isaiah 40:3-5; 52:7): “They shall serve Jehovah their God and David their king, whom I will raise up to them” (Jeremiah 30:9); “I Jehovah will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them” (Ezekiel 34:24); “David my servant shall be king over them, and they all shall have one shepherd. . . . and my servant David shall be their prince forever” (Ezekiel 37:24-25).
Addressing the Jacob/Israel category of his people—in this case, “Ephraim and those who dwell in Samaria”—Jehovah censures them for their conceitedness, for not acknowledging from whence their blessings come. National disasters, symbolized by the covenant curses of fallen buildings and destroyed trees, are taken in stride as if they are merely temporary setbacks, not signs of a protracted trend brought on by Jehovah’s judgments. Steeped in “pride and arrogance of heart,” Jehovah’s people assume that by their own wisdom and strength they will regroup and rebuild even bigger and better.
Seeing the weakness of Jehovah’s people as their condition deteriorates, nations such as “Rezin’s enemies” (Isaiah 7:1-8) or the Assyrian alliance (Isaiah 13:4-5) use this chance to invade. The terms “mouth,” “anger,” and “hand” designate the king of Assyria/Babylon. As Jehovah’s hand of punishment, he personifies Jehovah’s anger and opens his mouth against Jehovah’s people (Isaiah 5:25; 10:5; 37:29; Daniel 7:8, 20; Revelation 13:5). The repeated phrase, “Yet for all this his anger is not abated; his hand is upraised still” (vv 12, 17, 21), denotes a long drawn-out period of Jehovah’s judgment.
Covenant curses such as natural disasters, internal collapse, and enemy invasion aren’t just a consequence of transgression but acts of God. Designed to turn his people’s hearts back to him—to motivate them to repent—they demonstrate that Jehovah is in charge and that their only recourse in alleviating them is to align themselves with him and keep the terms of his covenant. The king of Assyria/Babylon may be “him who smites them” physically, but it is Jehovah who is doing the smiting and of whom they may “inquire” and get answers instead of from the dead (cf. Isaiah 8:19-20; 55:6; 65:1).
As in ancient times, the political and ecclesiastical leaders of Jehovah’s end-time people resemble one another. Because of their wickedness, Jehovah “cuts off” both from his presence in “a single day”—his Day of Judgment (Isaiah 48:18-19). Because a people’s leaders reflect what the people are, the leaders’ misleading and confusing “these people”—Jehovah’s alienated people—constitutes an integral part of their punishment (cf. Isaiah 3:12). Most reprehensible in the prophets who represent Jehovah to his people are the “falsehoods” or “lies” (seqer) they teach (Isaiah 28:7; 29:10; 32:6-7).
A society’s most likeable category—its young men or young people; and those most deserving of compassion—its fatherless and widows—no longer warrant admiration or sympathy. All have degenerated into “godless malefactors” whose language is permeated with “profanities.” The repeated phrase, “Yet for all this his anger is not abated; his hand is upraised still” (vv 12, 17, 21; emphasis added), signifies that even after successive waves of punishment, Jehovah’s people remain unrepentant, perpetuating their alienated condition and covenant curse and their subjection to the Assyrian archtyrant.
Resembling the briars and thorns that overrun Jehovah’s cherished vineyard (Isaiah 5:6; 27:4), the wicked themselves personify wickedness. A similar synonymous parallelism identifies “forests” as “cities”: “By a hail shall forests be felled, cities utterly leveled” (Isaiah 32:19; emphasis added). Although the fire that burns them up is the king of Assyria/Babylon—Jehovah’s anger and wrath, his fire and sword (cf. Isaiah 30:27; 66:15-16)—the people’s wickedness is the cause. Under the archtyrant’s scorched-earth policy, moreover, compassion for others gives way to every man fending for himself.
When the wicked grow ravenous to the point of starvation, they not only “curse their God and their king” (Isaiah 8:21), they also resort to cannibalism—to eating their own offspring. As society breaks down, enmity between neighbors (Isaiah 3:5) spreads to contention between the different races and tribal groups of Jehovah’s people—Ephraim, Manasseh, and Judah. The Jews—humanity’s perennial scapegoats—inevitably suffer yet another outbreak of anti-Semitism as the wicked of the world attempt to pass off their own guilt onto others. Even so, Jehovah’s punishments continue unabated.